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  • The Kurds
    5198
    The Kurds
    Iraqi Kurdish refugees in the rubble of Penjwin, Iraq. 1991.
    © Ed Kashi / VII
    5198
    The Kurds
    Iraqi Kurdish refugees in the rubble of Penjwin, Iraq. 1991.
    © Ed Kashi / VII

     

  • L'Empire brisé
    3610
    L'Empire brisé
    Yakoutsk, Russie, 2001. Habituées aux hivers rudes, des femmes de la République Sakha revêtent de chaudes et longues fourrures. Grâce à ses richesses naturelles, cette province reculée du nord de la Russie abrite des îlots de prospérité∑ glacés. En janvier, la température à la mi-journée à Yakoutsk, la capitale, est d'environ -42°C.
    © Gerd Ludwig
    3610
    L'Empire brisé
    Yakoutsk, Russie, 2001. Habituées aux hivers rudes, des femmes de la République Sakha revêtent de chaudes et longues fourrures. Grâce à ses richesses naturelles, cette province reculée du nord de la Russie abrite des îlots de prospérité∑ glacés. En janvier, la température à la mi-journée à Yakoutsk, la capitale, est d'environ -42°C.
    © Gerd Ludwig
    Month and day created not specified.

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4894
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Workers prepares to drill into the permafrost at a well in Novy Urengoi, Siberia, Russia. The drill bit, embedded with diamond discs along the cutter, costs around 50,000 euros each. It is pushed down by a 10-ton load and turns at up to 200 revs per minute.

    Achimgaz is a joint-venture between German company Wintershall, a subsidiary of BASF, and Russian gas giant, Gazprom.
    Russia has some of the world's largest natural gas deposits.
    2012 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved
    4894
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Workers prepares to drill into the permafrost at a well in Novy Urengoi, Siberia, Russia. The drill bit, embedded with diamond discs along the cutter, costs around 50,000 euros each. It is pushed down by a 10-ton load and turns at up to 200 revs per minute.

    Achimgaz is a joint-venture between German company Wintershall, a subsidiary of BASF, and Russian gas giant, Gazprom.
    Russia has some of the world's largest natural gas deposits.
    2012 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4915
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Every winter, workers build ice roads in the tundra to serve gas and oil companies exploring in the Nenets Autonomous Region in the Russian Arctic; and every summer, the roads melt away into the marshland.
    2012 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved
    4915
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Every winter, workers build ice roads in the tundra to serve gas and oil companies exploring in the Nenets Autonomous Region in the Russian Arctic; and every summer, the roads melt away into the marshland.
    2012 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved
    Email Justin Jin for usage instructions.

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4898
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    A LUKoil worker repairs a drilling well in the Komi Region in the Russian Arctic, home to some of the world's largest natural gas deposits.
    2012 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved
    4898
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    A LUKoil worker repairs a drilling well in the Komi Region in the Russian Arctic, home to some of the world's largest natural gas deposits.
    2012 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4897
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    A LUKoil worker repairs a drilling well in the Komi Region in the Russian Arctic, home to some of the world's largest natural gas deposits.
    2012 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved
    4897
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    A LUKoil worker repairs a drilling well in the Komi Region in the Russian Arctic, home to some of the world's largest natural gas deposits.
    2012 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4908
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Men working for the oil and gas prospecting company "Bashneft" sit together in the smoking room. Typically, they work in the cold, isolated Arctic tundra for the entire winter, returning to civilisation only in spring.
    2012 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved
    4908
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Men working for the oil and gas prospecting company "Bashneft" sit together in the smoking room. Typically, they work in the cold, isolated Arctic tundra for the entire winter, returning to civilisation only in spring.
    2012 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4913
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    A man working for the oil and gas prospecting company "Bashneft" collects hot water in the Arctic tundra.
    The water is cooked with diesel.
    Typically, these men work in the cold, isolated wilderness for the entire winter, returning to civilisation only in spring.
    2012 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved
    4913
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    A man working for the oil and gas prospecting company "Bashneft" collects hot water in the Arctic tundra.
    The water is cooked with diesel.
    Typically, these men work in the cold, isolated wilderness for the entire winter, returning to civilisation only in spring.
    2012 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4910
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    The cooks are the only female on site at the oil and gas prospecting company "Siesmorevzedka" in the Arctic tundra. Typically, they work in the cold, isolated Arctic tundra for the entire winter, returning to civilisation only in spring.
    2012 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved
    4910
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    The cooks are the only female on site at the oil and gas prospecting company "Siesmorevzedka" in the Arctic tundra. Typically, they work in the cold, isolated Arctic tundra for the entire winter, returning to civilisation only in spring.
    2012 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4905
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Andrei fills up his snow tank with diesel in the colony set up by oil and gas prospecting company "Siesmorevzedka" in the Arctic tundra. Typically, they work in the cold, isolated Arctic tundra for the entire winter, returning to civilisation only in spring.
    2012 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved
    4905
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Andrei fills up his snow tank with diesel in the colony set up by oil and gas prospecting company "Siesmorevzedka" in the Arctic tundra. Typically, they work in the cold, isolated Arctic tundra for the entire winter, returning to civilisation only in spring.
    2012 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4912
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Men working for the oil and gas prospecting company "Siesmorevzedka" deliever hot water to dormatories in the Arctic tundra.
    The water is cooked with diesel.
    Typically, these men work in the cold, isolated wilderness for the entire winter, returning to civilisation only in spring.
    2012 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved
    4912
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Men working for the oil and gas prospecting company "Siesmorevzedka" deliever hot water to dormatories in the Arctic tundra.
    The water is cooked with diesel.
    Typically, these men work in the cold, isolated wilderness for the entire winter, returning to civilisation only in spring.
    2012 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4901
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Photo embargoed until 2013.

    A man working for the oil and gas prospecting company "Siesmorevzedka" braves a snowstorm in the Arctic tundra. Typically, these men work in the cold, isolated wilderness for the entire winter, returning to civilisation only in spring.
    2012 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved
    4901
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Photo embargoed until 2013.

    A man working for the oil and gas prospecting company "Siesmorevzedka" braves a snowstorm in the Arctic tundra. Typically, these men work in the cold, isolated wilderness for the entire winter, returning to civilisation only in spring.
    2012 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4916
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    A worker repairs his truck in the colony set up by oil and gas prospecting company "Siesmorevzedka" in the Arctic tundra. Typically, they work in the cold, isolated Arctic tundra for the entire winter, returning to civilisation only in spring.
    2012 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved
    4916
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    A worker repairs his truck in the colony set up by oil and gas prospecting company "Siesmorevzedka" in the Arctic tundra. Typically, they work in the cold, isolated Arctic tundra for the entire winter, returning to civilisation only in spring.
    2012 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4895
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Portrait of Andrei, a tank driver for the oil and gas prospecting company "Siesmorevzedka". Typically, they work in the cold, isolated Arctic tundra for the entire winter, returning to civilisation only in spring.
    2012 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved
    4895
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Portrait of Andrei, a tank driver for the oil and gas prospecting company "Siesmorevzedka". Typically, they work in the cold, isolated Arctic tundra for the entire winter, returning to civilisation only in spring.
    2012 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4902
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    A man working for "Siesmorevzedka" rubs himself with snow during sauna in the Arctic tundra. The water is heated by the diesel tank on the left of the picture. Typically, these men work in the cold, isolated wilderness for the entire winter, returning to civilisation only in spring.
    2012 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved
    4902
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    A man working for "Siesmorevzedka" rubs himself with snow during sauna in the Arctic tundra. The water is heated by the diesel tank on the left of the picture. Typically, these men work in the cold, isolated wilderness for the entire winter, returning to civilisation only in spring.
    2012 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4907
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Workers signal a snow tank to reverse in the colony set up by oil and gas prospecting company "Siesmorevzedka" in the Arctic tundra. Typically, they work in the cold, isolated Arctic tundra for the entire winter, returning to civilisation only in spring.
    2012 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved
    4907
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Workers signal a snow tank to reverse in the colony set up by oil and gas prospecting company "Siesmorevzedka" in the Arctic tundra. Typically, they work in the cold, isolated Arctic tundra for the entire winter, returning to civilisation only in spring.
    2012 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4911
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Truck drivers at the oil and gas prospecting company "Siesmorevzedka" eat together after work in the Arctic tundra. Typically, they work in the cold, isolated Arctic tundra for the entire winter, returning to civilisation only in spring.
    2012 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved
    4911
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Truck drivers at the oil and gas prospecting company "Siesmorevzedka" eat together after work in the Arctic tundra. Typically, they work in the cold, isolated Arctic tundra for the entire winter, returning to civilisation only in spring.
    2012 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4906
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Andrei exits his snow tank to deliver light bulbs to colleagues in the colony set up by oil and gas prospecting company "Siesmorevzedka" in the Arctic tundra. Typically, they work in the cold, isolated Arctic tundra for the entire winter, returning to civilisation only in spring.
    2012 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved
    4906
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Andrei exits his snow tank to deliver light bulbs to colleagues in the colony set up by oil and gas prospecting company "Siesmorevzedka" in the Arctic tundra. Typically, they work in the cold, isolated Arctic tundra for the entire winter, returning to civilisation only in spring.
    2012 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4919
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Every winter, workers build ice roads in the tundra to serve gas and oil companies exploring in the Nenets Autonomous Region in the Russian Arctic; and every summer, the roads melt away into the marshland.
    4919
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Every winter, workers build ice roads in the tundra to serve gas and oil companies exploring in the Nenets Autonomous Region in the Russian Arctic; and every summer, the roads melt away into the marshland.
    Email Justin Jin for usage instructions.

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4918
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Every winter, workers build ice roads in the tundra to serve gas and oil companies exploring in the Nenets Autonomous Region in the Russian Arctic; and every summer, the roads melt away into the marshland.
    2012 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved
    4918
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Every winter, workers build ice roads in the tundra to serve gas and oil companies exploring in the Nenets Autonomous Region in the Russian Arctic; and every summer, the roads melt away into the marshland.
    2012 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved
    Email Justin Jin for usage instructions.

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4922
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    A woman sells meat in Murmansk, the world's largest Arctic city, in northern Russia.
    2011 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved.
    4922
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    A woman sells meat in Murmansk, the world's largest Arctic city, in northern Russia.
    2011 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved.
    Email Justin Jin for usage instructions.

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4921
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Men enjoy a beer on a Sunday afternoon in Murmansk, the world's largest Arctic city, in northern Russia.
    2011 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved.
    4921
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Men enjoy a beer on a Sunday afternoon in Murmansk, the world's largest Arctic city, in northern Russia.
    2011 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved.
    Email Justin Jin for usage instructions.

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4920
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    A park in Murmansk, the world's largest Arctic city, in northern Russia.
    2011 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved.
    4920
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    A park in Murmansk, the world's largest Arctic city, in northern Russia.
    2011 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved.
    Email Justin Jin for usage instructions.

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4917
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    A truck carrying diesel falls into collapsed snow in the Nenets Autonomous Region in the Russian Arctic.
    4917
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    A truck carrying diesel falls into collapsed snow in the Nenets Autonomous Region in the Russian Arctic.
    Email Justin Jin for usage instructions.

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4893
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    A worker from gas and oil exploration company "Seismorazvedka" guides an all-terrain "Vibrator" in the Arctic tundra in the Nenets Autonomous Region. The vehicle, made by French company Sercel, uses seismic vibration to test the structure of the earth crust below to help prospect for oil and gas. Billions of tonnes of gas and oil have been found in the region in the last decade.
    2011 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved.
    4893
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    A worker from gas and oil exploration company "Seismorazvedka" guides an all-terrain "Vibrator" in the Arctic tundra in the Nenets Autonomous Region. The vehicle, made by French company Sercel, uses seismic vibration to test the structure of the earth crust below to help prospect for oil and gas. Billions of tonnes of gas and oil have been found in the region in the last decade.
    2011 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved.
    Email Justin Jin for usage instructions.

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4863
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    A Nenets chops wood. Nenets live in -40C (-40F) in tents, or "Yurts", in the Arctic tundra outside the city of Naryan-Mar in the Russian Nenets Autonomous Region.
    Their main livelihood is reindeers -- they sell the meat to sausage factories and the antlers to China for use as traditional medicine including aphrodisiac.
    4863
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    A Nenets chops wood. Nenets live in -40C (-40F) in tents, or "Yurts", in the Arctic tundra outside the city of Naryan-Mar in the Russian Nenets Autonomous Region.
    Their main livelihood is reindeers -- they sell the meat to sausage factories and the antlers to China for use as traditional medicine including aphrodisiac.
    Email Justin Jin for usage instructions.

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4864
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Nenets live in -40C (-40F) in tents, or "Yurts", in the Arctic tundra outside the city of Naryan-Mar in the Russian Nenets Autonomous Region.
    Their main livelihood is reindeers -- they sell the meat to sausage factories and the antlers to China for use as traditional medicine including aphrodisiac.
    4864
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Nenets live in -40C (-40F) in tents, or "Yurts", in the Arctic tundra outside the city of Naryan-Mar in the Russian Nenets Autonomous Region.
    Their main livelihood is reindeers -- they sell the meat to sausage factories and the antlers to China for use as traditional medicine including aphrodisiac.
    Email Justin Jin for usage instructions.

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4860
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Nenets live in -40C (-40F) in tents, or "Yurts", in the Arctic tundra outside the city of Naryan-Mar in the Russian Nenets Autonomous Region.
    Their main livelihood is reindeers -- they sell the meat to sausage factories and the antlers to China for use as traditional medicine including aphrodisiac.
    4860
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Nenets live in -40C (-40F) in tents, or "Yurts", in the Arctic tundra outside the city of Naryan-Mar in the Russian Nenets Autonomous Region.
    Their main livelihood is reindeers -- they sell the meat to sausage factories and the antlers to China for use as traditional medicine including aphrodisiac.
    Email Justin Jin for usage instructions.

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4859
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Nenets live in -40C (-40F) in tents, or "Yurts", in the Arctic tundra outside the city of Naryan-Mar in the Russian Nenets Autonomous Region.
    Their main livelihood is reindeers -- they sell the meat to sausage factories and the antlers to China for use as traditional medicine including aphrodisiac.
    4859
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Nenets live in -40C (-40F) in tents, or "Yurts", in the Arctic tundra outside the city of Naryan-Mar in the Russian Nenets Autonomous Region.
    Their main livelihood is reindeers -- they sell the meat to sausage factories and the antlers to China for use as traditional medicine including aphrodisiac.
    Email Justin Jin for usage instructions.

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4858
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    A Nenets herder collects his reindeers in -40C (-40F) in the Arctic tundra outside in the Russian Nenets Autonomous Region. They are the original inhabitants in the Russian Arctic before being displaced by Soviet collectivisation and modern gas and oil exploration.
    The herders sell the meat to sausage factories and the antlers to China for use as traditional medicine.
    2011 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved.
    4858
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    A Nenets herder collects his reindeers in -40C (-40F) in the Arctic tundra outside in the Russian Nenets Autonomous Region. They are the original inhabitants in the Russian Arctic before being displaced by Soviet collectivisation and modern gas and oil exploration.
    The herders sell the meat to sausage factories and the antlers to China for use as traditional medicine.
    2011 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved.
    Email Justin Jin for usage instructions.

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4857
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    A colony of tents, or "chums", belonging to Nenets herders stand in the Arctic tundra in the Russian Nenets Autonomous Region. The are the original people living in the Russian Arctic, before being crushed by Soviet collectivisation and affected by modern oil and gas exploration.
    2011 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved.
    4857
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    A colony of tents, or "chums", belonging to Nenets herders stand in the Arctic tundra in the Russian Nenets Autonomous Region. The are the original people living in the Russian Arctic, before being crushed by Soviet collectivisation and affected by modern oil and gas exploration.
    2011 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved.
    Email Justin Jin for usage instructions.

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4862
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Nenets live in -40C (-40F) in tents, or "Yurts", in the Arctic tundra outside the city of Naryan-Mar in the Russian Nenets Autonomous Region.
    Their main livelihood is reindeers -- they sell the meat to sausage factories and the antlers to China for use as traditional medicine including aphrodisiac.
    2011 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved.
    4862
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Nenets live in -40C (-40F) in tents, or "Yurts", in the Arctic tundra outside the city of Naryan-Mar in the Russian Nenets Autonomous Region.
    Their main livelihood is reindeers -- they sell the meat to sausage factories and the antlers to China for use as traditional medicine including aphrodisiac.
    2011 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved.
    Email Justin Jin for usage instructions.

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4861
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Nenets live in -40C (-40F) in tents, or "Yurts", in the Arctic tundra outside the city of Naryan-Mar in the Russian Nenets Autonomous Region.
    Their main livelihood is reindeers -- they sell the meat to sausage factories and the antlers to China for use as traditional medicine including aphrodisiac.
    2011 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved.
    4861
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Nenets live in -40C (-40F) in tents, or "Yurts", in the Arctic tundra outside the city of Naryan-Mar in the Russian Nenets Autonomous Region.
    Their main livelihood is reindeers -- they sell the meat to sausage factories and the antlers to China for use as traditional medicine including aphrodisiac.
    2011 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved.
    Email Justin Jin for usage instructions.

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4877
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Girls stand on hot-water pipes in Zapolyarny, a nickel-processing sister town of Nikel. Sulphur dioxide from the factory kills vegetation, pollutes ground water and causes asthma.
    2010 Justin Jin
    4877
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Girls stand on hot-water pipes in Zapolyarny, a nickel-processing sister town of Nikel. Sulphur dioxide from the factory kills vegetation, pollutes ground water and causes asthma.
    2010 Justin Jin
    Email Justin Jin for usage instructions.

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4875
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Gases emitted from the nickel mining combine in the Russian Arctic town of Nikel kills almost all vegetation within 5 km radius. The combine, built in 1937 during Stalin's reign, emits five times more sulphur dioxide -- the cause of acid rain -- than the whole of Norway just seven kilometres away across the Russian border.
    In 2001, Norway gave Norilsk Nickel, the head company, 32 million euros to modernise the facility and cut pollution. The money disappeared, and the pollution carries on.
    The pollution is caused
    2010 Justin Jin
    4875
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Gases emitted from the nickel mining combine in the Russian Arctic town of Nikel kills almost all vegetation within 5 km radius. The combine, built in 1937 during Stalin's reign, emits five times more sulphur dioxide -- the cause of acid rain -- than the whole of Norway just seven kilometres away across the Russian border.
    In 2001, Norway gave Norilsk Nickel, the head company, 32 million euros to modernise the facility and cut pollution. The money disappeared, and the pollution carries on.
    The pollution is caused
    2010 Justin Jin
    Email Justin Jin for usage instructions.

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4876
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Gases emitted from the nickel mining combine hangs over the Russian Arctic town of Nikel and kills almost all vegetation within sight. The combine, built in 1937 during Stalin's reign, emits five times more sulphur dioxide -- the cause of acid rain -- than the whole of Norway just seven kilometres away on the Russian border.
    In 2001, Norway gave Norilsk Nickel, the head company, 32 million euros to modernise the facility and cut pollution. The money disappeared, but the factory was not improved.
    Sulphur dioxide emitted from the factory kills vegetation, pollutes ground water and causes asthma, especially among children.
    2010 Justin Jin
    4876
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Gases emitted from the nickel mining combine hangs over the Russian Arctic town of Nikel and kills almost all vegetation within sight. The combine, built in 1937 during Stalin's reign, emits five times more sulphur dioxide -- the cause of acid rain -- than the whole of Norway just seven kilometres away on the Russian border.
    In 2001, Norway gave Norilsk Nickel, the head company, 32 million euros to modernise the facility and cut pollution. The money disappeared, but the factory was not improved.
    Sulphur dioxide emitted from the factory kills vegetation, pollutes ground water and causes asthma, especially among children.
    2010 Justin Jin
    Email Justin Jin for usage instructions.

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4904
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Two girls play in the snow on the Arctic Coast in the town of Teriberka, a decrepit fishing town that has shrunken from a population of 14,000 in the 1970s to just more than 1,000 now.
    4904
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Two girls play in the snow on the Arctic Coast in the town of Teriberka, a decrepit fishing town that has shrunken from a population of 14,000 in the 1970s to just more than 1,000 now.
    Email Justin Jin for usage instructions.

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4883
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Elderly people walk by a half-abandoned housing block in Teriberka, once a vibrant fishing and farming community after WWII. Teriberka's population shrunk from about 14,000 at its height to just more than 1,000 today after the fishing industry collapsed, the town's administrative status was lowered and people moved south to seek work.
    Today, Teriberka is again in the spot-light with the construction of a base there for the landing of the a gas pipeline from the world's largest know natural gas field.
    2010 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved.
    4883
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Elderly people walk by a half-abandoned housing block in Teriberka, once a vibrant fishing and farming community after WWII. Teriberka's population shrunk from about 14,000 at its height to just more than 1,000 today after the fishing industry collapsed, the town's administrative status was lowered and people moved south to seek work.
    Today, Teriberka is again in the spot-light with the construction of a base there for the landing of the a gas pipeline from the world's largest know natural gas field.
    2010 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved.
    Email Justin Jin for usage instructions.

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4903
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Sunken boats and abandoned houses lay rotting by an icy bay in Teriberka, a former prosperous fish-processing community.

    Today, Teriberka is again in the spot-light after the world's largest known natural gas reserve – the Shtokman gas field – was discovered off its shore. Multi-national companies, led by Gazprom, is rushing in to built the area into a landing base for the gas.

    Teriberka's population shrunk from about 14,000 at its height to just more than 1,000 today after the fishing industry collapsed, the town's administrative status was lowered and people moved south to seek work.
    Today, Teriberka is again in the spot-light with the construction of a base there for the landing of the gas pipeline from the world's largest known natural gas field.
    2010 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved.
    4903
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Sunken boats and abandoned houses lay rotting by an icy bay in Teriberka, a former prosperous fish-processing community.

    Today, Teriberka is again in the spot-light after the world's largest known natural gas reserve – the Shtokman gas field – was discovered off its shore. Multi-national companies, led by Gazprom, is rushing in to built the area into a landing base for the gas.

    Teriberka's population shrunk from about 14,000 at its height to just more than 1,000 today after the fishing industry collapsed, the town's administrative status was lowered and people moved south to seek work.
    Today, Teriberka is again in the spot-light with the construction of a base there for the landing of the gas pipeline from the world's largest known natural gas field.
    2010 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved.
    Email Justin Jin for usage instructions.

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4868
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    A WWII monument stands above Murmansk, the world's largest Arctic city and a vital industrial and shipping hub. The city became an important military base during the Cold War with Finland and Norway just across the border.
    4868
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    A WWII monument stands above Murmansk, the world's largest Arctic city and a vital industrial and shipping hub. The city became an important military base during the Cold War with Finland and Norway just across the border.
    Email Justin Jin for usage instructions.

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4888
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Severny pit is one of five coal mines still operating around Vorkuta. A decade ago there were 13.
    Average life expectancy for a miner in the Far North is around 54, but many die in their forties.
    Vorkuta is a coal mining and former Gulag town 1,200 miles north east of Moscow, beyond the Arctic Circle, where temperatures in winter drop to -50C.
    Here, whole villages are being slowly deserted and reclaimed by snow, while the financial crisis is squeezing coal mining companies that already struggle to find workers.
    Moscow says its Far North is a strategic region, targeting huge investment to exploit its oil and gas resources. But there is a paradox: the Far North is actually dying. Every year thousands of people from towns and cities in the Russian Arctic are fleeing south. The system of subsidies that propped up Siberia and the Arctic in the Soviet times has crumbled. Now there’s no advantage to living in the Far North - salaries are no higher than in central Russia and prices for goods are higher.
    Copyright 2009 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved.
    4888
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Severny pit is one of five coal mines still operating around Vorkuta. A decade ago there were 13.
    Average life expectancy for a miner in the Far North is around 54, but many die in their forties.
    Vorkuta is a coal mining and former Gulag town 1,200 miles north east of Moscow, beyond the Arctic Circle, where temperatures in winter drop to -50C.
    Here, whole villages are being slowly deserted and reclaimed by snow, while the financial crisis is squeezing coal mining companies that already struggle to find workers.
    Moscow says its Far North is a strategic region, targeting huge investment to exploit its oil and gas resources. But there is a paradox: the Far North is actually dying. Every year thousands of people from towns and cities in the Russian Arctic are fleeing south. The system of subsidies that propped up Siberia and the Arctic in the Soviet times has crumbled. Now there’s no advantage to living in the Far North - salaries are no higher than in central Russia and prices for goods are higher.
    Copyright 2009 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved.
    Email justin@justinjin.com for instructions.

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4879
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Miners smoke under a "No Smoking" sign after work at the Severny pit, one of five coal mines still operating around Vorkuta. A decade ago there were 13.
    Average life expectancy for a miner in the Far North is around 54, but many die in their forties.
    Vorkuta is a coal mining and former Gulag town 1,200 miles north east of Moscow, beyond the Arctic Circle, where temperatures in winter drop to -50C.
    Here, whole villages are being slowly deserted and reclaimed by snow, while the financial crisis is squeezing coal mining companies that already struggle to find workers.
    Moscow says its Far North is a strategic region, targeting huge investment to exploit its oil and gas resources. But there is a paradox: the Far North is actually dying. Every year thousands of people from towns and cities in the Russian Arctic are fleeing south. The system of subsidies that propped up Siberia and the Arctic in the Soviet times has crumbled. Now there’s no advantage to living in the Far North - salaries are no higher than in central Russia and prices for goods are higher.
    Copyright 2009 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved.
    4879
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Miners smoke under a "No Smoking" sign after work at the Severny pit, one of five coal mines still operating around Vorkuta. A decade ago there were 13.
    Average life expectancy for a miner in the Far North is around 54, but many die in their forties.
    Vorkuta is a coal mining and former Gulag town 1,200 miles north east of Moscow, beyond the Arctic Circle, where temperatures in winter drop to -50C.
    Here, whole villages are being slowly deserted and reclaimed by snow, while the financial crisis is squeezing coal mining companies that already struggle to find workers.
    Moscow says its Far North is a strategic region, targeting huge investment to exploit its oil and gas resources. But there is a paradox: the Far North is actually dying. Every year thousands of people from towns and cities in the Russian Arctic are fleeing south. The system of subsidies that propped up Siberia and the Arctic in the Soviet times has crumbled. Now there’s no advantage to living in the Far North - salaries are no higher than in central Russia and prices for goods are higher.
    Copyright 2009 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved.
    Email justin@justinjin.com for instructions.

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4889
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    People walk by an empty boarding house in Vorkuta. The city’s population has fallen by a third since the break-up of the Soviet Union, when subsidies for the Far North were reduced.
    Vorkuta is a coal mining and former Gulag town 1,200 miles north east of Moscow, beyond the Arctic Circle, where temperatures in winter drop to -50C.
    Here, whole villages are being slowly deserted and reclaimed by snow, while the financial crisis is squeezing coal mining companies that already struggle to find workers.
    Moscow says its Far North is a strategic region, targeting huge investment to exploit its oil and gas resources. But there is a paradox: the Far North is actually dying. Every year thousands of people from towns and cities in the Russian Arctic are fleeing south. The system of subsidies that propped up Siberia and the Arctic in the Soviet times has crumbled. Now there’s no advantage to living in the Far North - salaries are no higher than in central Russia and prices for goods are higher.
    Copyright 2009 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved.
    4889
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    People walk by an empty boarding house in Vorkuta. The city’s population has fallen by a third since the break-up of the Soviet Union, when subsidies for the Far North were reduced.
    Vorkuta is a coal mining and former Gulag town 1,200 miles north east of Moscow, beyond the Arctic Circle, where temperatures in winter drop to -50C.
    Here, whole villages are being slowly deserted and reclaimed by snow, while the financial crisis is squeezing coal mining companies that already struggle to find workers.
    Moscow says its Far North is a strategic region, targeting huge investment to exploit its oil and gas resources. But there is a paradox: the Far North is actually dying. Every year thousands of people from towns and cities in the Russian Arctic are fleeing south. The system of subsidies that propped up Siberia and the Arctic in the Soviet times has crumbled. Now there’s no advantage to living in the Far North - salaries are no higher than in central Russia and prices for goods are higher.
    Copyright 2009 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved.
    Email justin@justinjin.com for instructions.

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4866
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Reindeer herders Simyon and Vanya travel hours by sled from their tent in the tundra to buy supplies at the village shop in Sovetsky.
    Nomadic people like them have a mutually cautious relationship with the Russians who live in the Far North.
    Vorkuta is a coal mining and former Gulag town 1,200 miles north east of Moscow, beyond the Arctic Circle, where temperatures in winter drop to -50C.
    Here, whole villages are being slowly deserted and reclaimed by snow, while the financial crisis is squeezing coal mining companies that already struggle to find workers.
    Moscow says its Far North is a strategic region, targeting huge investment to exploit its oil and gas resources. But there is a paradox: the Far North is actually dying. Every year thousands of people from towns and cities in the Russian Arctic are fleeing south. The system of subsidies that propped up Siberia and the Arctic in the Soviet times has crumbled. Now there’s no advantage to living in the Far North - salaries are no higher than in central Russia and prices for goods are higher.
    Copyright 2009 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved.
    4866
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Reindeer herders Simyon and Vanya travel hours by sled from their tent in the tundra to buy supplies at the village shop in Sovetsky.
    Nomadic people like them have a mutually cautious relationship with the Russians who live in the Far North.
    Vorkuta is a coal mining and former Gulag town 1,200 miles north east of Moscow, beyond the Arctic Circle, where temperatures in winter drop to -50C.
    Here, whole villages are being slowly deserted and reclaimed by snow, while the financial crisis is squeezing coal mining companies that already struggle to find workers.
    Moscow says its Far North is a strategic region, targeting huge investment to exploit its oil and gas resources. But there is a paradox: the Far North is actually dying. Every year thousands of people from towns and cities in the Russian Arctic are fleeing south. The system of subsidies that propped up Siberia and the Arctic in the Soviet times has crumbled. Now there’s no advantage to living in the Far North - salaries are no higher than in central Russia and prices for goods are higher.
    Copyright 2009 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved.
    Email justin@justinjin.com for instructions.

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4865
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Reindeer herder Simyon travel hours by sled from his tent in the tundra to buy supplies at the village shop in Sovetsky.
    Construction of gas pipelines in the tundra is threatening the herders’ way of life, forcing them to travel further afield in search of pastures.Vorkuta is a coal mining and former Gulag town 1,200 miles north east of Moscow, beyond the Arctic Circle, where temperatures in winter drop to -50C.
    Here, whole villages are being slowly deserted and reclaimed by snow, while the financial crisis is squeezing coal mining companies that already struggle to find workers.
    Moscow says its Far North is a strategic region, targeting huge investment to exploit its oil and gas resources. But there is a paradox: the Far North is actually dying. Every year thousands of people from towns and cities in the Russian Arctic are fleeing south. The system of subsidies that propped up Siberia and the Arctic in the Soviet times has crumbled. Now there’s no advantage to living in the Far North - salaries are no higher than in central Russia and prices for goods are higher.
    Copyright 2009 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved.
    4865
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Reindeer herder Simyon travel hours by sled from his tent in the tundra to buy supplies at the village shop in Sovetsky.
    Construction of gas pipelines in the tundra is threatening the herders’ way of life, forcing them to travel further afield in search of pastures.Vorkuta is a coal mining and former Gulag town 1,200 miles north east of Moscow, beyond the Arctic Circle, where temperatures in winter drop to -50C.
    Here, whole villages are being slowly deserted and reclaimed by snow, while the financial crisis is squeezing coal mining companies that already struggle to find workers.
    Moscow says its Far North is a strategic region, targeting huge investment to exploit its oil and gas resources. But there is a paradox: the Far North is actually dying. Every year thousands of people from towns and cities in the Russian Arctic are fleeing south. The system of subsidies that propped up Siberia and the Arctic in the Soviet times has crumbled. Now there’s no advantage to living in the Far North - salaries are no higher than in central Russia and prices for goods are higher.
    Copyright 2009 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved.
    Email justin@justinjin.com for instructions.

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4891
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Buildings around Vorkuta are being surrendered to the elements as people flee to the south. In this apartment block on the edge of the tundra in Yor Shor village outside Vorkuta town, only one family is left.
    Vorkuta is a coal mining and former Gulag town 1,200 miles north east of Moscow, beyond the Arctic Circle, where temperatures in winter drop to -50C.
    Here, whole villages are being slowly deserted and reclaimed by snow, while the financial crisis is squeezing coal mining companies that already struggle to find workers.
    Moscow says its Far North is a strategic region, targeting huge investment to exploit its oil and gas resources. But there is a paradox: the Far North is actually dying. Every year thousands of people from towns and cities in the Russian Arctic are fleeing south. The system of subsidies that propped up Siberia and the Arctic in the Soviet times has crumbled. Now there’s no advantage to living in the Far North - salaries are no higher than in central Russia and prices for goods are higher.
    Copyright 2009 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved.
    4891
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Buildings around Vorkuta are being surrendered to the elements as people flee to the south. In this apartment block on the edge of the tundra in Yor Shor village outside Vorkuta town, only one family is left.
    Vorkuta is a coal mining and former Gulag town 1,200 miles north east of Moscow, beyond the Arctic Circle, where temperatures in winter drop to -50C.
    Here, whole villages are being slowly deserted and reclaimed by snow, while the financial crisis is squeezing coal mining companies that already struggle to find workers.
    Moscow says its Far North is a strategic region, targeting huge investment to exploit its oil and gas resources. But there is a paradox: the Far North is actually dying. Every year thousands of people from towns and cities in the Russian Arctic are fleeing south. The system of subsidies that propped up Siberia and the Arctic in the Soviet times has crumbled. Now there’s no advantage to living in the Far North - salaries are no higher than in central Russia and prices for goods are higher.
    Copyright 2009 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved.
    Email justin@justinjin.com for instructions.

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4887
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Valery Zhukov, a miner and union representative in Severny village outside Vorkuta, and who is married with a daughter, is comforted by his lover Lena who lives in the same neighborhood.
    Vorkuta is a coal mining and former Gulag town 1,200 miles north east of Moscow, beyond the Arctic Circle, where temperatures in winter drop to -50C.
    Here, whole villages are being slowly deserted and reclaimed by snow, while the financial crisis is squeezing coal mining companies that already struggle to find workers.
    Moscow says its Far North is a strategic region, targeting huge investment to exploit its oil and gas resources. But there is a paradox: the Far North is actually dying. Every year thousands of people from towns and cities in the Russian Arctic are fleeing south. The system of subsidies that propped up Siberia and the Arctic in the Soviet times has crumbled. Now there’s no advantage to living in the Far North - salaries are no higher than in central Russia and prices for goods are higher.
    Copyright 2009 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved.
    4887
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Valery Zhukov, a miner and union representative in Severny village outside Vorkuta, and who is married with a daughter, is comforted by his lover Lena who lives in the same neighborhood.
    Vorkuta is a coal mining and former Gulag town 1,200 miles north east of Moscow, beyond the Arctic Circle, where temperatures in winter drop to -50C.
    Here, whole villages are being slowly deserted and reclaimed by snow, while the financial crisis is squeezing coal mining companies that already struggle to find workers.
    Moscow says its Far North is a strategic region, targeting huge investment to exploit its oil and gas resources. But there is a paradox: the Far North is actually dying. Every year thousands of people from towns and cities in the Russian Arctic are fleeing south. The system of subsidies that propped up Siberia and the Arctic in the Soviet times has crumbled. Now there’s no advantage to living in the Far North - salaries are no higher than in central Russia and prices for goods are higher.
    Copyright 2009 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved.
    Email justin@justinjin.com for instructions.

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4886
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Valery Zhukov, a married miner and union representative in Severny village outside Vorkuta, dances with his lover Lena who lives in the same neighborhood. His friend Alexander is in the back.
    Vorkuta is a coal mining and former Gulag town 1,200 miles north east of Moscow, beyond the Arctic Circle, where temperatures in winter drop to -50C.
    Here, whole villages are being slowly deserted and reclaimed by snow, while the financial crisis is squeezing coal mining companies that already struggle to find workers.
    Moscow says its Far North is a strategic region, targeting huge investment to exploit its oil and gas resources. But there is a paradox: the Far North is actually dying. Every year thousands of people from towns and cities in the Russian Arctic are fleeing south. The system of subsidies that propped up Siberia and the Arctic in the Soviet times has crumbled. Now there’s no advantage to living in the Far North - salaries are no higher than in central Russia and prices for goods are higher.
    Copyright 2009 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved.
    4886
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Valery Zhukov, a married miner and union representative in Severny village outside Vorkuta, dances with his lover Lena who lives in the same neighborhood. His friend Alexander is in the back.
    Vorkuta is a coal mining and former Gulag town 1,200 miles north east of Moscow, beyond the Arctic Circle, where temperatures in winter drop to -50C.
    Here, whole villages are being slowly deserted and reclaimed by snow, while the financial crisis is squeezing coal mining companies that already struggle to find workers.
    Moscow says its Far North is a strategic region, targeting huge investment to exploit its oil and gas resources. But there is a paradox: the Far North is actually dying. Every year thousands of people from towns and cities in the Russian Arctic are fleeing south. The system of subsidies that propped up Siberia and the Arctic in the Soviet times has crumbled. Now there’s no advantage to living in the Far North - salaries are no higher than in central Russia and prices for goods are higher.
    Copyright 2009 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved.
    Email justin@justinjin.com for instructions.

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4885
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Alexander Yelpayev is a Cossack, which he describes as “a Russian with an added stamp of quality.” He lives in the outskirt of Vorkuta town.
    Vorkuta is a coal mining and former Gulag town 1,200 miles north east of Moscow, beyond the Arctic Circle, where temperatures in winter drop to -50C.
    Here, whole villages are being slowly deserted and reclaimed by snow, while the financial crisis is squeezing coal mining companies that already struggle to find workers.
    Moscow says its Far North is a strategic region, targeting huge investment to exploit its oil and gas resources. But there is a paradox: the Far North is actually dying. Every year thousands of people from towns and cities in the Russian Arctic are fleeing south. The system of subsidies that propped up Siberia and the Arctic in the Soviet times has crumbled. Now there’s no advantage to living in the Far North - salaries are no higher than in central Russia and prices for goods are higher.
    Copyright 2009 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved.
    4885
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Alexander Yelpayev is a Cossack, which he describes as “a Russian with an added stamp of quality.” He lives in the outskirt of Vorkuta town.
    Vorkuta is a coal mining and former Gulag town 1,200 miles north east of Moscow, beyond the Arctic Circle, where temperatures in winter drop to -50C.
    Here, whole villages are being slowly deserted and reclaimed by snow, while the financial crisis is squeezing coal mining companies that already struggle to find workers.
    Moscow says its Far North is a strategic region, targeting huge investment to exploit its oil and gas resources. But there is a paradox: the Far North is actually dying. Every year thousands of people from towns and cities in the Russian Arctic are fleeing south. The system of subsidies that propped up Siberia and the Arctic in the Soviet times has crumbled. Now there’s no advantage to living in the Far North - salaries are no higher than in central Russia and prices for goods are higher.
    Copyright 2009 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved.
    Email justin@justinjin.com for instructions.

     

  • Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    4890
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Nina Merzlikina, 75, and Sergei Kostenko, 45, have packed up their belongings at this apartment in Yor Shor village in expectation of eviction by bailiffs. Local officials want to close the village, near Vorkuta town, so they can shut off supplies of gas and electricity.
    Vorkuta is a coal mining and former Gulag town 1,200 miles north east of Moscow, beyond the Arctic Circle, where temperatures in winter drop to -50C.
    Here, whole villages are being slowly deserted and reclaimed by snow, while the financial crisis is squeezing coal mining companies that already struggle to find workers.
    Moscow says its Far North is a strategic region, targeting huge investment to exploit its oil and gas resources. But there is a paradox: the Far North is actually dying. Every year thousands of people from towns and cities in the Russian Arctic are fleeing south. The system of subsidies that propped up Siberia and the Arctic in the Soviet times has crumbled. Now there’s no advantage to living in the Far North - salaries are no higher than in central Russia and prices for goods are higher.
    Copyright 2009 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved.
    4890
    Zone of Absolute Discomfort
    Nina Merzlikina, 75, and Sergei Kostenko, 45, have packed up their belongings at this apartment in Yor Shor village in expectation of eviction by bailiffs. Local officials want to close the village, near Vorkuta town, so they can shut off supplies of gas and electricity.
    Vorkuta is a coal mining and former Gulag town 1,200 miles north east of Moscow, beyond the Arctic Circle, where temperatures in winter drop to -50C.
    Here, whole villages are being slowly deserted and reclaimed by snow, while the financial crisis is squeezing coal mining companies that already struggle to find workers.
    Moscow says its Far North is a strategic region, targeting huge investment to exploit its oil and gas resources. But there is a paradox: the Far North is actually dying. Every year thousands of people from towns and cities in the Russian Arctic are fleeing south. The system of subsidies that propped up Siberia and the Arctic in the Soviet times has crumbled. Now there’s no advantage to living in the Far North - salaries are no higher than in central Russia and prices for goods are higher.
    Copyright 2009 by Justin Jin. All rights reserved.
    Email justin@justinjin.com for instructions.